ABSTRACT
Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus affects less than 1% of all pregnancies and is a significant cause of fetal morbidity and mortality. It is hypothesized that impaired placental function, in the form of abnormal placental weight and/or abnormal placental histology, may be responsible for this event in such pregnancies. Delayed villous maturation of placental villi, which is one of the findings associated with pre-gestational diabetes increases the rate of perinatal mortality. There is limited literature regarding the delayed maturation of placental villous. This review included trials [randomized and non-randomized], cohort and case-control studies registered in Medline/PubMed database, from January 2001 to September 2012 that evaluated the clinical significance of delayed villous maturation and its prevalence in pre-gestational diabetic cases compared to normal pregnancies. It emphasizes that further studies with focus on possible clinical or ultrasound markers of placental delayed villous maturation, especially in a high risk-group such as women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus are highly recommended
ABSTRACT
Self-confidence, as one of the key elements of clinical competence, plays an important role in one's actions and behaviours. Selection of proper instructional methods influences students' self-confidence. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of web-based training and educational simulation on midwifery students' self-confidence in postpartum hemorrhage management. This experimental study was conducted on 44 midwifery students of Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad, Iran, in 2013. The subjects were selected via convenience sampling. The web-based group was trained at the clinical skill laboratory of School of Nursing and Midwifery; both groups were taught the same educational content. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, visual analogue scale to evaluate students' self-assessment of their ability to manage postpartum hemorrhage and C-scale to measure students' self-confidence Descriptive analysis, independent t-test, paired t-test, and two-way ANOVA were performed, using SPSS version 11.5. Both groups showed a significant increase in self-confidence in postpartum hemorrhage management one month after the training [P=0.003 and P=0.030 in web-based and simulation groups, respectively]. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of self-confidence in postpartum hemorrhage management. Since the two groups showed no significance difference in self-confidence, web-based education, which is a more accessible method, could be applied as an alternative to the conventional method of simulation
ABSTRACT
Group B Streptococcus [GBS] is one of the most important bacteria in the majority of maternal and neonatal infections, such as chorioamnionitis, endometritis, bacteremia, sepsis and meningitis. During pregnancy, GBS screening is one of the recommended strategies that are recommended by center of disease control [CDC]. This study was aimed to determine the rectovaginal colonization prevalence among pregnant women, and also the rate of transmission to their offspring. Between June 2008 and April 2009, two hundred pregnant women admitted in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology [Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran] were enrolled in present study. Samples from maternal rectum and vagina as well as neonate ear and umbilical cord were taken for culture. The colonization rate for GBS in pregnant women and their neonates was around 6% and 5% respectively. All the carrier mothers were cases with premature rupture of membranes [at least 18 hours before delivery]. In terms of colonization, there was a significant correlation between mothers and newborns, and more than 80% of neonates from GBS carrier mothers were colonized by GBS
ABSTRACT
In the present study, the relation of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, marital satisfaction, demographical factor and early maternal complications with Fear of childbirth in primiparous women have been analyzed. This study which was done on 100 term primiparous women who referred for caring in last month of pregnancy to prenatal clinic of Omolbanin hospital. Women who had inclusion criteria and consented for participation in this study, filled the questionnaires include personal, demographic, and social characteristics. Fear of childbirth was assessed by a research designed questionnaire, satisfaction from matrimonial life, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression in participants were determined by using Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire, Rosenberg scale, Spiel-berger test, Beck depression inventory. After delivery outcomes of their childbirth were recorded and data were analyzed by using SPSS software [version 13] and statistical tests [Pearson correlation, Spearman rating, Man-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov]. The average age was 22.54 +/- 3.7 within the range of 16-36 years. There was a positive and significant correlation between the level of individual's covert and overt anxiety and fear of childbirth [P<0.05]. There also was a negative and significant correlation between the level of knowledge about the process of natural childbirth, the rate of cooperation in childbirth, and Apgar score of the neonate with fear of childbirth [P<0.05]. There was no significant relationship between the rate of self-esteem, depression, satisfaction from matrimonial life, age, education, income, and early maternal complications with fear of childbirth [P>0.5]. Fear of childbirth in primiparous had a positive and significant correlation with covert and overt anxiety but a negative and significant relationship with level of knowledge about the process of natural childbirth, rate of cooperation in childbirth and Apgar score
ABSTRACT
Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality that is preventive by appropriate estimation of blood loss and its treatment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of visual estimation of postpartum hemorrhage by clinicians and co worker who work in the obstetrics department. In this descriptive observational study, 199 educational/clinical personnel participated who worked in the obstetrics department of 3 training hospital in Mashhad in 2010. First characteristic of their occupation, educational and period of work experience recorded. Then scenes similar of postpartum hemorrhage were rebuilt by using of expired whole blood in five different volume [500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 cc]. Participants looked each scenes and estimated volume and necessary treatment and record in forms. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 12 and fisher and student tests and relation between accurate volume of hemorrhage and estimated volume and treatment, occupation and experience of participants were determined. Accuracy visual estimation of blood loss in different volume of postpartum hemorrhage was between 14.3% to 52%. There was no significant association between the position of the participants and accuracy of their estimation and proposed treatments. There was no association between the staffs' work experience and accuracy of their estimation. Visual estimation of blood loss was not accurate in the majority of participants. For prevention of maternal morbidity and mortality education is necessary that to be skilled for accurate estimation of blood loss